Component of Solar System
SOLAR PANELS
Solar panels are the most visible element of the entire system. To simply put, a solar panel works by allowing photons, or particles of light, to knock electrons free from atoms, generating a flow of electrons termed electricity. Solar panels actually comprise many smaller units called Photovoltaic cells (Photovoltaic simply means they convert sunlight into electricity).
INVERTER
Inverter is a crucial part of any solar energy system. It converts the DC electricity that the solar panels produce into 240V AC that is required to power the load (s). The inverter works continuously, so it tends to be the component most likely to develop faults. They usually have a warranty of about 10 years. It is therefore always recommended that the choice of Inverter a very high-quality brand in order to prolong the lifespan of the installation. There are three types of inverters that are currently available for Solar energy system: String (also known as centralized) inverters, Power Optimizers systems (also known as string inverters and power optimizers), microinverters.
BATTERIES
Solar battery is device that reserves energy for later consumption that is charged by a connected solar system. The stored electricity is consumed after sundown, during energy demand peaks, or during a power outage. Most common on residential or commercial buildings.
CHARGE CONTROLLER
A charge controller or charge regulator is basically a voltage and/or current regulator to keep batteries from overcharging. It regulates the voltage and current coming from the solar panels going to the battery. The output voltage of most “12volt” panels is
between 16 1nd 20 volts. So, if there is no regulation the batteries will be damaged from overcharging. Most batteries need around 14 to 14.5 volts to get fully charged.